About Indonesia History In European colonialization Era IV

 

    French and British rule in the Dutch about indonesia history East Indies was a French and British (better known as British) rule in the Dutch East Indies that lasted from 1806 to 1815. The French ruled between 1806 and 1811. The British took over from 1811 to 1815, and restored power to the Netherlands in 1815.

    The fall of the Netherlands to the French Empire about indonesia history and the dissolution of the Dutch East India Company led to several major changes in the European colonial administration of the Dutch East Indies, when one of the Napoleonic Wars took place in Java. This period, which spanned nearly a decade, saw tremendous changes in Java, as aggressive infrastructure and defense projects took place, followed by battles, reforms, and major changes of government in the colony.

    Headquartered in Batavia (now Jakarta) about indonesia history, the Dutch controlled most of Java (except the interior of the country's Vorstenlanden Mataram and Banten), conquered the coast of West Sumatra, overthrew the former Portuguese colonies in Malacca, Maluku, South and North Sulawesi, also in West Timor. Of these Dutch possessions, Java was the most important, for Dutch-controlled plantation and perennial production was located there.

    A conquest and revolution that shifted the politics about indonesia history, relations and dynamics between European empires and states, impacting their colonies in the Far East. Consequently the East Indies during this period were treated as a proxy French colony, governed through the intermediary of the Netherlands.

    In 1806, King Lodewijk Napoleon of the Netherlands about indonesia history sent one of his generals, Herman Willem Daendels, to serve as governor general of the East Indies in Java. Daendels was sent to strengthen Java's defenses against a possible incoming British invasion. 

    Daendels arrived in Batavia about indonesia history on 5 January 1808 replacing Governor-General Albertus Wiese. Daendels carried out the task given by King Louis of Hollandia to reform the corrupt government left by the VOC. He was also given the highest military rank as marshal Hollandia—which was given a year earlier—on January 28, 1807 to defend Java from British attacks. This rank took effect when he arrived in Java. Daendels' appointment as about indonesia history Marshal Hollandia displeased Napoleon. He considered that the Dutch were not a nation that could fight and did not deserve to have officers of such high rank. In the end he reprimanded his younger brother, Louis Bonaparte, who at that time became King of Hollandia.

    Unlike the previous governor general during the VOC era about indonesia history, who wore royal elite clothing, the uniform he wore was a marshal's uniform. In addition, the government he founded had a centralized structure similar to the command structure of Napoleon's troops. He also divided Java into nine administrative regions, each consisting of districts under the control of a bupati.

    Daendels' rule was harsh and martial law about indonesia history, as the colony prepared for the British threat. However, his most famous achievement is the construction of Jalan Raya Pos (Dutch: Grote Postweg) along northern Java from Anjer to Panaroecan. This road now functions as the main road in Java, called the Pantura Route. The thousands of kilometers long road was completed in just one year, in which thousands of forced laborers killed Javanese people due to corruption in the compulsory wages fund handed over from Herman William Daendels about indonesia history to the regent, resident heads, native officials, nobles and feudalists with proof of the obligatory work tribute submission note from Daendels to the regents, while proof of the tribute submission note from the regent to the workers, never received proof of payment of tribute to the Anyer-Penarukan postal road workers .

    One of the actions taken by Daendels about indonesia history was total administrative reform. Daendels appointed all the Javanese regents to become Dutch government officials on the grounds that they would avoid the burden of extortion and humiliating treatment from European officials. This change in status has consequences, namely the loss of prestige and freedom of action towards their people.

    Daendels criticized the Batavian judicial system which about indonesia history he considered unable to handle the many cases that came in and the abuse of judicial power which was becoming more and more intolerable. As a result, he reformed the justice system. He separated the courts into two groups, courts for the Javanese and courts for Europeans, Chinese and Arabs. For the first court will use justice according to Javanese law and customs. As for the second group according to the laws and regulations of the Dutch East Indies. This change resulted in a confusion of jurisdictions between the different courts. Indigenous laws and customs may still be accepted or rejected by courts.

    Daendels knew that Batavia about indonesia history could never be used as the main defense center for Java. The old palace, with its fragile walls, could be destroyed by the sea. The climate could kill a garrison soldier before the enemy even touched the shore. Instructions to Daendels gave him the right to move the city center to a healthier area and his predecessor Governor-General, Van Overstraten, had made plans to move the seat of government to the interior of Central Java, where the combined forces of the Dutch and Javanese kings could oppose the larger force. over a longer period of time. Daendels thought of moving the city to Surabaya but he failed to carry out the plan because of the difficulty of moving the entire settlement of Batavia, its warehouses and ships with valuable merchandise.

    He decided to move the housing about indonesia history to the interior of what was then called Weltevreden, which was previously one of Chastelein's lands. Building materials were provided by demolishing a number of ancient Coen's houses and castles. South of Weltevreden, a fortified village was built with the aim of being the main center of defense in the event of a British invasion.

    In addition to carrying out government reforms about indonesia history with a militaristic style of government, Daendels was also the originator of the construction of Jalan Raya Pos which stretches from west to east of Java Island. The construction of this road was carried out by observing the condition of the island of Java at that time, which was being blockaded by the British under the command of Rear Admiral Sir Edward Pellew. 

    This blockade which was carried out along about indonesia history the north coast of Java resulted in no ships sailing on the north coast of Java being free from the supervision of the British fleet. Daendels did not run out of ideas, he used gunpowder to open a route across the Priangan Mountains via Puncak (Megamendung), Bandung and Cianjur.

    Upon Daendels' return to Europe about indonesia history, Daendels returned to serve in the French army. He also joined Napoleon's army to fight against Russia. After Napoleon was defeated at Waterloo and the Netherlands became independent again, Daendels offered himself to King Willem I, but the King of the Netherlands was not very fond of this former patriot and revolutionary figure. However, in 1815 he was appointed Governor-General of the Dutch Gold Coast, Ghana and died there on 2 May 1818. He died of malaria.